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An identifier for a computer or device  on a TCP/IP network. Networks  using the TCP/IP protocol route messages based on the IP address of the  destination. The format of an IP address is a 32-bit numeric address  written as four numbers separated by periods. Each number can be zero to  255. For example, 1.160.10.240 could be an IP address.
Within an  isolated network, you can assign IP addresses at random as long as each  one is unique. However, connecting a private network to the Internet  requires using registered IP addresses (called Internet addresses) to  avoid duplicates.
The four numbers in an IP address are used in  different ways to identify a particular network and a host on that  network. Four regional Internet registries -- ARIN, RIPE NCC, LACNIC and  APNIC -- assign Internet addresses from the following three classes.
#  Class A - supports 16 million hosts on each of 126 networks
# Class B  - supports 65,000 hosts on each of 16,000 networks
# Class C -  supports 254 hosts on each of 2 million networks
The number of  unassigned Internet addresses is running out, so a new classless scheme  called CIDR is gradually replacing the system based on classes A, B, and  C and is tied to adoption of IPv6.
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